The FixOurStreets216 Project · prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL
The I-X Center Campus: ESS compute + Swift Solar + CATL bulk power storage
A 250 MW ESS compute module, a 1 GW Swift Solar cell and module plant and a CATL-standard storage container line inside the existing I-X Center, powered by the Morabito power island upgraded to five turbines with 100 ft stacks on the south parcel, and a corporate park for offices and light manufacturing.
I-X Center · next to Cleveland HopkinsOctober 3, 2026FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03For discussion with IRG + the City of Cleveland
The FixOurStreets216 Project
The short version
The bottom line
The City said no to a data center at the I-X. It has not been asked about a factory with its own power plant.
1
Lead with manufacturing. The Swift Solar plant + CATL-standard storage line is the principal use. ESS compute is a load the campus power plant serves, not the headline.
2
Reuse the shell, cap everything else at 100 ft. Compute and manufacturing go inside the existing ±90 ft building. Stacks, offices and garages stay at or under 100 ft.
3
Same power as Morabito, one turbine bigger. Five LMS100-class gas turbines and a steam turbine, ±705 MW, so the whole campus runs even with two turbines out.
The housing towers from the Morabito kit are replaced by a corporate park for offices and light manufacturing. Housing near the airfield runs into noise-compatibility limits; offices and light industry do not.
Cleveland’s pause on new standalone data centers runs July 15 – October 16, 2026, and can be extended up to three months. Nothing in this deck should be filed before the City’s new rules are adopted.
±705 MW
on site · 5 gas turbines + steam turbine
250 MW IT
ESS Module 1 · inside the shell
100 ft
height cap · stacks included
0 gal
cooling water evaporated
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion2 / 31
Schematic · illustrative
Schematic · Firefly render
Compute, solar and storage in one shell, power across the road
ESS data halls at the west end behind a fire wall, then Swift Solar’s cleanroom and the storage line, with the rail dock at the east end. Dry coolers and the battery yard on the west apron; five turbines on the south parcel.
A 2.2 million sq ft building the City owns and wants filled with industry
Building
2.2M sq ft, built in 1942 as a GM bomber plant. Main roof about 90 ft. About 90 acres of land with it.
Ownership
City of Cleveland. Leased to Industrial Realty Group (IRG); a 49-year extension is approved, with a 10-year exit if the airport needs the land.
Status
Last consumer show March 2026. A Fortune 100 deal fell through early this year; a 2025 plan offered 1.5M sq ft for conversion. A 25 MW substation is on site.
Tax deal
July 2026 settlement: Cleveland keeps 100% of I-X and Emerald Corporate Park taxes, so it can now offer job incentives there.
City goal
Advanced manufacturing, aerospace and defense, with hundreds of good jobs.
Next door
Browns domed stadium (176 ac, opening 2029); a proposed $30M RTA Red Line stadium station (construction Q1 2028); Hopkins airport; the NS line used by Amtrak.
The city of Cleveland has no interest in having a facility that could be so valuable used for a data center, with low jobs.
Tom McNair, Chief of Integrated Development, City of Cleveland · News 5, Feb 28, 2026
Brook Park residents gathered about 2,000 signatures against an AI data center at the I-X. This deck answers both on the merits: a manufacturer as the main use, compute inside the shell, zero cooling water, named employers.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion4 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
The partners
Who does what
Three companies that already build what this campus needs
ESS · Energy Storage Solutions
Builds behind-the-meter campuses: 300 MW AC with 1,200 MWh of storage, gas generation on site, surplus sold to the grid.
Withdrew its 900 MW Kingsboro, NC campus in July 2026.
In this deck: Module 1 only (250 MW IT). Its 1,200 MWh yard is the first customer for the storage line next door.
Swift Solar
Perovskite tandem developer. In March 2026 it bought Meyer Burger’s heterojunction (HJT) patents, U.S. equipment and staff.
Plans a 1 GW HJT cell + module factory at a U.S. site not yet chosen, then perovskite tandem.
In this deck: the I-X is offered as that site.
CATL · bulk power storage
World’s largest battery maker; grid-scale LFP storage containers.
On the U.S. DoD 1260H list since January 2025, and the 2025 federal “prohibited foreign entity” rules can cut tax credits for projects tied to it.
In this deck: a U.S.-controlled container line built to CATL’s standard (the Ford licensing model) — the structure has to clear tax counsel first.
2.2M sf
I-X Center total floor area
±626k GSF
ESS data side · 2 levels
±480k sf*
Swift 1 GW HJT plant (assumed)
±350k sf*
CATL-standard line (assumed)
ESS facts from FOS216-RDC-001 (Sept 2026). Company facts are from public sources listed on the last slide; nothing here states any company’s intent.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion5 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
The campus plan
SP-008 · drawn over the plan view · power island moved to the south parcel
Power island: south parcel
Five turbines, the steam turbine and the condenser on the strip south of I-X Center Dr. A tight fit: it uses the grass strip west of the open field too. The Abram Creek woods stay.
Farther from Hopkins
Five stacks ≈3,500 ft from the runway centerline, instead of on the west apron.
West apron: low things only
Shift parking, ±7 ac of dry coolers, the 1,200 MWh battery yard and the heat pumps.
Scaled from the plan view (≈6.5 ft/px). Schematic, not a survey.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion6 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Inside the building
Section through the shell · heights to scale · lengths schematic
Three plants, one roof, three fire areas
Data side (west): two data hall levels, liquid-to-chip cooling, positive-pressure air, clean-agent fire protection, its own security line.
Swift Solar (middle): ISO 5–7 cleanroom for HJT cells, then module lamination and test lines.
Storage line (east): container assembly, PCS integration and test. Charged cells mean an NFPA 855 fire area of its own, with deflagration venting and spacing.
Between them: 3-hour fire walls above the roof, slab isolation joints, separate air and sprinkler systems. Structural survey of the 1942 slab first.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion7 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Inside the building
Separate fire areas, one roof
The data side stays sealed off from the cleanroom and the storage line
Schematic · illustrative
Shell cutaway · All zones under the existing ±90 ft roof
Proposed — illustrative only
Through the fire door · Data side on one side, Swift’s cleanroom on the other
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion8 / 31
Proposed — illustrative only
West end · Firefly render
ESS Module 1: 250 MW IT inside the shell
Two levels of liquid-cooled data halls. The heat leaves the chips by water; nothing is evaporated.
Process flow · Cells → modules → enclosures → test → the yard next door
Proposed — illustrative only
Enclosure row · Racks, cooling and suppression fitted in
Proposed — illustrative only
Test bay · Each enclosure charged and discharged
Proposed — illustrative only
Out the door · A finished enclosure leaves at dusk
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion14 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
CATL-standard storage line
Built next door · shipped by rail
Enclosures roll to the ESS yard; panels and enclosures leave by rail
Proposed — illustrative only
Built next door · A new enclosure heads for the 1,200 MWh yard
Proposed — illustrative only
Rainy night at the rail dock · Enclosures and solar panels on rail cars
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion15 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Power
Same power option as Morabito · upgraded
Five LMS100-class turbines instead of four, every stack at 100 ft
Item
Morabito · SP-003
I-X Center · this deck
Gas turbines
4 × LMS100-class · ±116 MW each
5 × LMS100-class · ±116 MW each
Steam turbine
±100 MW · 4-on-1
±125 MW · 5-on-1*
On site, all running
±560 MW
±705 MW
Campus load
±258 MW
±350 MW*
One gas turbine out
±420 MW · whole campus carried
±564 MW · whole campus carried
Two gas turbines out
±280 MW · manufacturing shed
±423 MW · whole campus still carried
Stacks
4 × ±150 ft
5 × 100 ft
Battery storage
±100 MW / ±300 MWh
ESS standard · 1,200 MWh
Black start
KARNO · 16 MW
KARNO · 16 MW
Gas at full output
±86 MMcf/day
±108 MMcf/day*
Sold to the grid at peak
±300 MW
±355 MW
Cooling water
none · air-cooled condenser
none · air-cooled condenser
* FOS216 estimates scaled from Morabito SP-003. GE confirms the 5-on-1 steam rating; Dominion confirms gas.
Why a fifth turbine
ESS’s module is ±300 MW on its own. With Morabito’s four turbines, two turbines out leaves ±280 MW — less than ESS needs. A fifth turbine carries the whole campus with two turbines out, which is close to ESS’s own practice of planning double capacity.
Why not a bigger turbine
The LMS100 is GE’s largest aeroderivative. The next step up is an industrial frame unit with a bigger HRSG and, normally, a taller stack. Adding a turbine keeps every stack at 100 ft; upsizing the frame works against it.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion16 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Power
Power island · south parcel
Five units, five 100 ft stacks, no cooling tower
Schematic · illustrative
Power island isometric · 5 GT/HRSG, steam turbine, air-cooled condenser, GIS
Proposed — illustrative only
Winter morning from I-X Center Dr · Fenced and bermed along the road
Proposed — illustrative only
Blue hour · Five stacks lit for aircraft
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion17 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Power
Power island · inside
One turbine hall, one control room
Proposed — illustrative only
Turbine hall · Five aeroderivative units and the steam turbine
Proposed — illustrative only
Control room at night · The plant, the battery yard and the heat from one desk
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion18 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Load and contingencies
What the plant has to carry
About 350 MW of campus load against ±705 MW on site
Load
MW
Notes
ESS Module 1 · data side
±300 MW
250 MW IT at PUE ±1.2
Swift Solar 1 GW plant + CATL-standard container line
±40 MW*
cleanroom air, deposition tools, cell formation + test
Corporate park · offices + light manufacturing
±10 MW*
O-1, O-2, LM-1 to LM-4, garage
Campus, rail dock, heat pumps
±5 MW*
heat pumps lift tower water to 70 °C
Campus total
±350 MW*
* FOS216 planning assumptions
Manufacturing loads are placeholders until the partners give their own numbers.
Case
On site
Result
All running
±705 MW
±355 MW sold to the grid at peak (ESS’s model)
One gas turbine out
±564 MW
Whole campus carried
Two gas turbines out
±423 MW
Whole campus carried
Steam turbine out
±580 MW
Steam bypasses to the condenser
First seconds of any trip
—
ESS’s 1,200 MWh battery yard bridges while the turbines ramp
N-1 sizing with no utility backup, the same rule used across the FOS216 campuses. The 25 MW substation on site today is a tie, not a source.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion19 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Height
The 100 ft cap
Nothing new goes above 100 ft — including the stacks
Air permit
A shorter stack spreads exhaust less. Ohio EPA dispersion modeling has to show compliance at 100 ft. SCR + CO catalysts (target ±2 ppm NOx), silencers and CEMS on all five stacks, as at Morabito.
Building downwash
A 90 ft building pulls exhaust down within about 450 ft of it. On the south parcel the stacks are about 830 ft from the I-X shell, outside that zone.
Airport
On the south parcel the five stacks sit ≈3,500 ft off the runway centerline. They still need FAA Form 7460-1 and a plume review — file early, as one package.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion20 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Airspace
Why the south parcel
Five stacks, kept low and moved away from the runway
Schematic · illustrative
Airspace section · stack tops sit under the flat 150 ft surface, far from the runway
West apron (Rev B)
About 1,600–1,800 ft from the runway centerline · inside the sloped transitional surface · little margin for 100 ft stacks or cranes
South parcel (Rev C)
≈3,500 ft · beside the runway, not under an approach · the 150 ft horizontal surface governs · about 50 ft of margin
Still required
FAA Form 7460-1 for stacks and cranes, plus a plume review. Distances are approximate, scaled from the plan view.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion21 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Cooling and heat
Morabito SP-005 · zero water
No cooling water, and the waste heat goes to work
Liquid-to-chip at 45 °C in the data halls. No chillers, no cooling towers, no evaporation.
The old roof can’t carry dry coolers, so they go in a ±7 acre ground yard west of the shell.
Heat pumps lift ±50 °C return water to ±70 °C for a campus hot-water loop, with a 1M gallon tank at the heat station.
The steam cycle uses an air-cooled condenser: only a small make-up flow for the boilers.
Who uses the heat
Swift’s cleanroom reheat and process hot water, the storage line and the corporate park, plus snowmelt on the motor court and walks.
A customer next door
The Browns stadium district plans hotels, apartments and retail on 176 acres. It is a candidate heat customer — not yet discussed with the Haslam group or Brook Park.
0 gal
evaporated for cooling
45 °C
coolant the chips accept
50 → 70 °C
heat pump lift for the campus loop
1M gal
hot water tank at the heat station
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion22 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Cooling and heat
Power, storage and heat flow
One plant feeds the data side, the factories, the battery yard and the grid
Schematic · illustrative
Power, storage and heat flow · Purple = power · orange = heat · teal = return
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion23 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Corporate park
Replaces the workforce housing
Offices and light manufacturing, all at or under 100 ft
Building
Use
Height
O-1
Client suites + labs for compute and factory partners · 6 stories · Phase 1
±90 ft
O-2
Offices · 5 stories · built only on signed leases
±75 ft
LM-1, LM-2
Light manufacturing flex · ±60k sq ft each · dock-high + grade doors · Phase 1
±40 ft
LM-3, LM-4
Same · Phase 2
±40 ft
Garage
6 levels · skyway to O-1 and the shell
±65 ft
Motor court + pocket park
Snowmelt on campus heat · trail link
—
Light manufacturing tenants that fit
Inverters, PCS and power electronics
Racking, trackers and balance-of-system parts
Battery management and controls boards
Cable, junction box and connector assembly
Offices and light industry are compatible with airport noise; housing is not. O-2 and LM-3/LM-4 stay green until leases cover them, as in Morabito Option D.
±428k sf
offices · O-1 + O-2 (Morabito Option D sizes)
±240k sf
light manufacturing · LM-1 to LM-4
≤100 ft
every building on the park
6 levels
garage · skyway to O-1 and the shell
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion24 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Corporate park
Offices + light manufacturing
The corporate park at dusk
Proposed — illustrative only
Corporate park at dusk · Five- to seven-story offices and flex buildings, all under 100 ft
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion25 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Rail
The Ohio Rail–Data Campus network · C1 Cleveland
Freight out by rail, people in by train
Freight: Finished storage containers and pallets of solar modules leave on rail container cars from the dock inside the shell. Glass, cells and enclosures come in the same way. The spur depends on the I-X reaching the NS line — a parcel check comes first.
Workers: RTA’s proposed stadium station on the Red Line ($30M, construction Q1 2028) sits about a mile from the stadium and is the closest transit stop to the campus.
Amtrak: Hopkins is a proposed stop on both 3C+D and Cleveland–Toledo–Detroit. A shared Amtrak + RTA + stadium stop would make this the C1 campus station.
Map from FOS216-ORDC-001. Lines are schematic.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion26 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
What has to be solved
Honest list
What could stop this, and what answers it
CATL is on the DoD 1260H list. Since the 2025 federal tax law, projects using components or licenses tied to a “prohibited foreign entity” can lose the storage and manufacturing tax credits. ESS’s own 1,200 MWh yard could be hit if it buys CATL-linked containers. Tax counsel signs off on the structure before anything is announced.
Swift has not picked a site. The 1 GW plant is a stated plan with no location or date. Sizes here are FOS216 planning assumptions until Swift gives its own.
Charged batteries under one roof with a data center. NFPA 855 fire areas, spacing and venting decide the layout of the storage line, not the other way around.
The City’s stated position. Cleveland said in February it does not want a low-jobs data center at the I-X. The filing has to read as manufacturing + power first, and the job count has to be real.
Moratorium and neighbors. The pause on standalone data centers runs to October 16, 2026, extendable to January 2027. Brook Park residents have petitioned against a data center here.
Gas, air and airspace. ±108 MMcf/day needs a written answer from Dominion. Five stacks at 100 ft need Ohio EPA modeling. Everything near Hopkins needs FAA review.
The south parcel. Five units are a tight fit there. Who owns it — the City of Cleveland or Brook Park — has to be confirmed, and Abram Creek needs a stream setback and wetland check before the pad edge is fixed.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion27 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Phasing
Order of work
Power first and built once; compute never ahead of the factory
Phase
What happens
Gate to clear
0 · Now – Jan 2027
City adopts its data center rules. LOIs from ESS and Swift Solar + CATL. Trace the I-X parcel, confirm south-parcel ownership and the Abram Creek setback, check rail reach, structural survey of the slab.
Rules adopted; IRG agrees to a split building
1 · Power island
Five gas turbines and their HRSGs, the steam turbine, condenser, substation, KARNO and the battery yard go in once, in their final positions — the turbines on the south parcel, the battery yard on the west apron.
Air permit at 100 ft; FAA 7460-1; gas lateral
2 · Factory fit-out
Swift Solar plant + CATL-standard storage line inside the east of the shell, with the rail dock.
Partner commitments in writing
3 · Compute
ESS data halls on the west side, behind the fire wall. Opens with or after the factory, never before it.
Phase cap: one module
Alongside
Corporate park O-1, LM-1, LM-2 and the garage with Phase 2; O-2 and LM-3/4 on signed leases.
Leases
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion28 / 31
The FixOurStreets216 Project
Next steps
What each party brings
The asks
ESS
One-module scope (250 MW IT), tenant disclosure or a binding statement, gas and air permit commitments, the 1,200 MWh storage yard.
Swift Solar
Floor area, power draw, water and job count for its 1 GW HJT plant; whether the I-X fits its site search.
CATL + a U.S. partner
A licensing or U.S.-controlled joint venture that clears the prohibited-foreign-entity rules; container line size and output.
IRG + the City
Space for a three-way split inside the lease; a planned-development filing as manufacturing + power with compute as a served load.
FOS216
Trace the parcel and shell from county GIS, fit this program to it, draw the height and airspace check, and price it (Class 5).
For scale: ESS Module 1 on the FOS216 Urban Campus model was estimated at about $5.8B (FOS216-RDC-001, Class 5, different generation spec). The I-X version reuses a building and swaps the generation, so it needs its own estimate.
FOS216-IXC PRS-002 · Rev C · 2026-10-03 · Prepared for Energy Storage Solutions (ESS), Swift Solar + CATL · For discussion29 / 31
Proposed — illustrative only
Proposed · Firefly render
A factory campus with its own power — next to Hopkins
Swift Solar plant + CATL-standard storage line and ESS compute inside the I-X; five turbines on the south parcel; a corporate park under the 100 ft cap.
